Inland Revenue 21
17 March 1998
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CAPITAL GAINS TAX: COUNTERING BED AND BREAKFASTING OF
SHARES
As part of the move towards a fairer tax system, the
Chancellor's Budget proposals include action against the
practice known as "bed and breakfasting".
Bed and breakfasting involves selling shares and buying them
back shortly afterwards in order to reduce capital gains tax
bills. From today, these contrived sales will no longer have
the desired tax consequences. For capital gains tax
purposes, any shares sold and repurchased within a 30-day
period will be matched, so that the gain or loss which would
otherwise have arisen by reference to shares already held
will not be realised.
The new rules will have effect for disposals of shares by
individuals or trustees on or after today.
DETAILS
1. Under present capital gains tax rules, it is possible to
realise a gain or loss for tax purposes while effectively
continuing to hold the shares after the transaction has been
completed. This is achieved through an arrangement commonly
known as "bed and breakfasting". Typically shares are sold at
the close of business one day and then bought back at the
opening of business on the next day. In almost all
situations this is accomplished at little real risk to the
investor.
2. Where the arrangement is used to produce a gain, this can
be offset by the annual exempt amount so that no capital
gains tax is payable. The shares which are reacquired will
have a higher acquisition cost for tax purposes which can
significantly reduce the tax charge on a subsequent sale.
Where the practice is used to generate a loss, this can offset
other chargeable gains.
3. These artificial arrangements will be tackled by changing
the share identification rules for capital gains tax
purposes. The new rule will apply to taxpayers who dispose of
shares and then acquire shares of the same class in the same
company within 30 days of the disposal.
4. The new identification rule will ensure that, for the
purpose of computing any chargeable gain or loss on the
disposal, the shares disposed of are identified with
subsequent acquisitions within the 30-day period, in priority
to any acquisition of such shares by the taxpayer before the
date of the disposal. Where both the disposal and subsequent
acquisition of shares take place before 6 April 1998, the new
identification rule will take priority over the current rule
which "pools" the acquisition of shares. (This pooling rule
will cease to apply more generally for all acquisitions on or
after 6 April 1998 (see press release Inland Revenue 16)).
5. The new identification rule will apply to disposals of
shares, securities or other fungible assets by individuals,
trustees and others within the charge to capital gains tax on
or after today. It will not affect companies which pay
corporation tax on their capital gains. Their share disposals
are already subject to special identification rules.
NOTES FOR EDITORS
1. Share identification rules are needed where taxpayers buy
and sell shares or securities of the same class in the same
company. Without these rules it would not be possible to
establish how purchases are to be matched with sales for the
purpose of computing gains for capital gains tax purposes.
The rules generally work by identifying disposals with
previous acquisitions except for sales and purchases which
take place on the same day.
2. As indicated in press release Inland Revenue 16, the
introduction of taper relief from 6 April 1998 requires the
introduction of new share identification rules from that
date. These new rules will incorporate the rule which
identifies disposals of shares with acquisitions made within
the following 30 days.
3. As the new 30-day rule is to operate for disposals of
shares on or after today it will also take priority over the
current identification rules where there is a subsequent
acquisition of shares of the same class in the same company
within 30 days of the disposal.
4. The yield from this measure is included in the figures in
press release Inland Revenue 16 which summarises the main
structural changes for capital gains tax.
INLAND REVENUE PRESS OFFICE
Media enquiries to: 0171 438 6692/6706/7327